Where there is no knowledge either at the beginning or at the end, the goats offered as sin-offerings on festivals and New Moons bring atonement. This is the opinion of R. Judah [b. Ila`i]. R. Simeon [b. Yohai] holds that the festival goats alone and not the New Moon goats atone for this class of unconscious offence. And for what do the New Moon goats bring atonement? For a ritually clean man who ate holy food that had become unclean. R. Meir says: all the goats [except the `inner`] have equal powers of atonement for transgressions of the Laws of uncleanness in connection with the Temple and holy food thereof. Now, R. Simeon holds that the New Moon goats bring atonement for a clean man who ate unclean holy food; and the festival goats atone for transgression of the Laws of uncleanness where there was no knowledge either at the beginning or at the end; and the `outer` goat of the Day of Atonement for transgression of these laws where there was no knowledge at the beginning but there was knowledge at the end. They [therefore] said to him: `is it permitted to offer up the goat set apart for one day on another?` He replied `yes!` they [however] argued with him: `since they are not equal in the atonement they bring, how can they take each other`s place?` He replied: `they are all at least equal [in the wider sense] in that they all bring atonement for transgressions of the Laws of uncleanness in connection with the Temple and holy food thereof.` |
שבועות 1.4 |
R. Simeon b. Judah said in his name: the New Moon goats bring atonement for a clean person who ate unclean holy food; the festival goats, in addition to bringing atonement for such a case, atone also for a case where there was no knowledge either at the beginning or at the end; the `outer` goat of the Day of Atonement, in addition to bringing atonement for both these cases, atones also for a case where there was no knowledge at the beginning but there was knowledge at the end. They accordingly asked him: `is it permitted to offer up the goat set apart for one day on another?` He said, `yes!` they [further] said to him: `granted that the Day of Atonement goat may be offered up on the New Moon, but how can the New Moon goat be offered up on the Day of Atonement to bring atonement for a trespass that is not within its scope?` He replied: `they are all at least equal [in the wider sense] in that they all bring atonement for transgressions of the Laws of uncleanness in connection with the Temple and holy food thereof. |
שבועות 1.5 |
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