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90:14 Anything that a Jew is forbidden to do, it's forbidden to tell a
Gentile to do it,1 for telling the Gentile comes under (the prohibition)
of ''stopping work''.2 Even to hint to him to do it is forbidden. Even
to tell him before Shabbat that he should do it on Shabbat is also
forbidden. Similarly, it's forbidden to tell a Gentile on Shabbat that
he should do it after Shabbat. This is not because of ''stopping work'',
because the work is done at a permitted time, rather it's forbidden
because of ''...pursuing your affairs'', therefore, for the sake of a
mitzvah it's permitted.
1) A Gentile is not obliged to observe the laws of Shabbat, but a Jew is forbidden to ask a Gentile to work on his behalf. 2) Termed ''shvut'' or to cease work. |
כל דבר שהישראל אסור לעשותו אסור לומר לאינו יהודי לעשותו דאמירה לאינו יהודי הוי שבות ואפילו לרמוז לו לעשותו אסור ואפילו לומר לו קודם שבת שיעשה בשבת גם כן אסור וכן אסור לומר לאינו יהודי בשבת שיעשה לאחר שבת ודבר זה אינו משום שבות כיון דהמלאכה נעשית בשעת היתר אלא אסור משום ''ממצוא חפצך'' ולכן לצורך מצוה מותר |
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90:15 Even if the Gentile comes by himself to carry out some forbidden
work for a Jew, the Jew should protest. Therefore a Gentile who wants to
remove the charred matter from the candles of a Jew, so that they will
burn better, one must protest to him.1
1) The Mishna Berurah (307:76) disagrees with this approach, and rules that in a situation where there is some light without the assistance of the Gentile, a Jew may even hint to the Gentile that he needs the candle adjusted, by saying something like ''this candle is not burning well'' or ''I can't read next to this candle which contains too much charcoal''. Although it would be difficult, since the Jew could have used the dim light of the candle to read before the Gentile came to assist, using the brighter light created by the Gentile's action, is not considered benefiting from the work of a Gentile performed for a Jew on Shabbat (which would otherwise be forbidden). | אפילו אם הנכרי בא מעצמו לעשות איזה מלאכה בשביל ישראל צריך הישראל למחות בו ולכן אינו יהודי שרוצה להסיר הפחם מנרות של ישראל כדי שידליקו יפה צריכין למחות בו |
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90:16 If a person sees that he might come to a (financial) loss, for
example, one of his barrels of wine is leaking, or the like, it's
permitted to call a Gentile to there, even though one knows that the
Gentile will certainly fix it. Even with completely (forbidden) work,
provided the Jew takes care not to say, any hint or instruction to fix
it. However, it's permitted to say in his presence:1 ''Whoever will save
(me) from this loss will not lose his reward''. One shouldn't do this
unless it's a large loss.2
1) But not by telling him directly, by saying for example: ''if you prevent this loss, you will be rewarded'' (Mishna Berurah 307:70). 2) The Mishna Berurah permits saying it even when the loss is not large (see Mishna Berurah 307:71). | אם רואה אדם שיוכל לבוא לידי הפסד כגון שנתרועע לו חבית של יין וכדומה מותר לקרות לנכרי לשם אף על פי שיודע שהנכרי בודאי יתקנו ואפילו במלאכה גמורה ובלבד שיזהר הישראל שלא לומר שום רמז צווי לתקן אבל מותר לומר לפניו כל מי שיציל הפסד זה לא יפסיד שכרו ואין לעשות זאת אלא במקום הפסד מרובה |
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