88:8 A utensil whose function is permitted or even one that is (both)
forbidden and permitted, for example cooking pots1 and even repulsive
items (since on Shabbat something set apart because it's repulsive is
allowed) is allowed to be handled even if it's only so the utensil won't
be stolen or broken, but for no reason at all, it's forbidden to handle
it. Holy texts2 and food3 are allowed to be handled even for no reason
at all.
1) This refers to pots used for both cooking and storing food. However, utensils used only for cooking, such as frying pans, are considered a utensil whose primary function is prohibited on Shabbat. Therefore one could only move a frying pan if one needs the space its resting in, or one needs to use it for a permitted purpose, but not to protect it from damage or theft. Of course, if the frying pan contained food when Shabbat began, it would not be considered ''muktzeh'' (See Mishna Berurah 308:20). 2) This includes a Megillah scroll (see Mishna Berurah 308:22). 3) This doesn't include animal food. |
כלי שמלאכתו להיתר או אפילו לאיסור ולהיתר כגון קדרות ואפילו כלים מאוסים דבשבת מוקצה מחמת מיאוס מותר מותר לטלטלן אפילו רק בשביל הכלי שלא יגנב או ישבר אבל שלא לצורך כלל אסור לטלטלו וכתבי הקודש ואוכלין מותר לטלטלם אפילו שלא לצורך כלל |
88:9 Just as it's forbidden to handle ''muktzeh'' or ''nolad'' articles,
so it's forbidden to put a container under them so that they fall into
it, because by this the container is annulled and one can't handle it
any more. This is as if it was cemented in place.1 However, it's allowed
to turn over a basket in front of chicks,2 for them to climb on it and
go down from it for after they aren't on it, it's allowed to handle it.
If the chicks were on it at twilight time,3 the basket is forbidden to
be handled all the (Shabbat) day.
1) Therefore it's like an act of building, which is prohibited on Shabbat. Others say that nullifying the functionality of the container is the same as demolishing, which is also prohibited (See Mishna Berurah 510:20; see also Chapter 75:11). 2) As already stated, all animals are ''muktzeh''. 3) Between sunset and the appearance of three stars on Friday afternoon. | כשם שאסור לטלטל את המוקצה או את הנולד כך אסור ליתן כלי תחתיהם כדי שיפלו לתוכו כיון שעל ידי זה הוא מבטל את הכלי שלא יוכלו לטלטלו עוד והרי זה כאלו חברו שם בטיט אבל מותר לכפות סל לפני האפרוחים כדי שיעלו וירדו בו כי לאחר שלא יהיו עליו מותר לטלטלו ואם היו עליו בין השמשות נאסר הסל בטלטול לכל היום |
88:10 Earth and sand that was heaped up in a corner of the courtyard or
the house is allowed to be handled. Because we can assume that it's
intended for use.1 However, if it was scattered, it's considered part of
the ground and is forbidden to be handled.2 Similarly, if one cut before
Shabbat a branch from a tree to use as a fan or to chase away flies3 and
the like, it's allowed to use it on Shabbat since it was chosen for this
and (so) made into a utensil. However, it's forbidden to take on Shabbat
cloth from a floor mop because this is ''muktzeh''. Even if it was
detached by a Gentile, one is forbidden to handle it.
1) One should be careful not to make a hole when taking the dirt or sand, for that would be a violation of the prohibition against ploughing or, according to some, against building (See Mishna Berurah 308:143). Dirt and sand that have not been set aside are considered inherently muktzeh and may not be handled for any purpose on Shabbat. 2) This is true even if the owner's intention was to use the dirt on Shabbat; since he scattered it where others will step all over it, it becomes nullified and is considered part of the floor (Mishna Berurah 308:144). See the Biur Halachah 308:38 for a discussion as to whether this applies only to dirt floors. 3) One should be careful not to kill a fly in the process. | עפר וחול הצבור בזוית בחצר או בבית מותר לטלטלו דכיון דצברו זה הוא הזמנתו לתשמיש אבל אם הוא מפוזר בטל לגבי קרקע ואסור בטלטול וכן אם חתך קודם שבת ענף מן האילן להניף בו ולהבריח הזבובים וכיוצא בו מותר להשתמש בו בשבת כיון שיחדו לכך ועשאו כלי אבל אסור ליקח בשבת בד מן המכבדות שהרי הוא מוקצה ואפילו נטלו אינו יהודי אסור לטלטלו |
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