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87:2 The horse can go out with a harness or a bridle but not with the
two of them.1 It's allowed to wind the straps of the harness around its
neck and go out like this, however they shoudl be wound loosely enough
so that one can put one's hand quickly between the straps and its neck
to lead it if it tries to pull away.2 It's allowed to move the harness
and put it on it provided one doesn't lean on it, because it's forbidden
to lean, on Shabbat, on an animal.3 However, the donkey shoudn't go out
with an iron bridle, for this is considered an extra safeguard with the
donkey. An ox and a cow that don't need quarding, are forbidden to go
out with a rope around their neck, unless it frequently runs away. If
one tied a rope to a horse's mouth this is considered a load since it
doesn't guard it if it (the rope) slips from its mouth. It's not
comparable to a harness that is attached to its (entire) head.
1) Anything which is unnecessary for control of the animal is considered a load (burden), and is prohibited on Shabbat. Either a harness or a bridle alone is sufficient for control of the horse. 2) Rashi and the Ran disagree, allowing even tight wrapping if that is the ordinary mode for wearing these straps. 3) There is a rabbinical prohibition against riding or even making use of an animal's body on Shabbat or Yom Tov (Beitza 19a). The reason given by the Talmud Bavli is a concern that one may break off a tree branch (a biblical violation of Shabbat) in order to strike it while leading it along or riding it. According to the Jerusalem Talmud, the reason for the rabbinical prohibition is a concern that one may come to lead the animal into a public domain with a load on its back, which we saw is Biblically prohibited (Aruch Hashulchan 305:16). |
הסוס יוצא באפסר או ברסן אבל לא בשניהם ומותר לכרוך חבל האפסר סביב צוארו ויצא בו רק שיהא כרוך ברפיון קצת כדי שיוכל להכניס ידו מהרה בין הכריכה לצוארו כדי למשכו אם ירצה להשמט ומותר לטלטל באפסר וליתנו עליו ובלבד שלא ישען עליו משום דאסור לסמוך בשבת על בעל חי אבל החמור לא יצא ברסן של ברזל לפי שזהו לשמירה יתירה אצל החמור ושור ופרה שאינם צריכין שימור אסורין לצאת בחבל סביב צוארם אלא אם רגילין לברוח אם קשר חבל בפי הסוס הרי זה משא לפי שאינו משתמר בו שהוא נשמט מפיו ואינו דומה לאפסר שהוא קשור בראשו |
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87:3 A horse and also any other animals shouldn't go out with a
saddlecloth, however the donkey can go out with a saddlecloth so that it
doesn't get cold, because its nature is to get cold.1 If the saddlecloth
was tied to it on Friday, it's allowed to go out with it on Shabbat
because it's considered as a garment. However, if it's not tied on to
it, it can't go out with it, a (Rabbinic) decree in case it falls off it
and one brings it by hand. On Shabbat it's not possible to tie it2
because one needs to come close to it and lean on it. However, when the
donkey is in a courtyard, it's allowed to put on it a saddlecloth
because of the cold, provided it doesn't go out (into the public domain)
with it on. However, on the horse one doesn't put a saddlecloth at all,
as long as the cold is not so great that also a horse would be affected.
Similarly, during the summer days, when there are many flies that cause
it discomfort, it's allowed to put on it a saddlecloth, provided that
one is careful not to lean oneself on the animal while (putting on) the
cover. Removing a saddlecloth on Shabbat whether from a donkey or a
horse is forbidden, because leaving it on causes no discomfort to it.3
1) Even during the summer. 2) Even using a permissible knot. 3) Any unnecessary strenuous or bothersome activity is rabbinically prohibited on Shabbat. |
סוס וכן שאר בהמות לא יצאו במרדעת ואך החמור יוצא במרדעת שלא יתקרר מפני שטבעו להתקרר ואם קשר לו המרדעת מערב שבת מותר שיצא בה בשבת שמלבושו הוא אבל אם אינה קשורה לו לא יצא בה גזירה שמא תפול מעליו ויביאנה בידו ובשבת אי אפשר לקשרה לו מפני שצריך להתקרב אליו ולסמוך עליו ואך כשהחמור בחצר מותר לתת עליו מרדעת מפני הצנה ובלבד שלא יצא בה אבל על הסוס לא יתן מרדעת כלל אם לא כשהקור גדול שמזיק גם להסוס וכן בימות החמה שהזבובים רבים ומצערים אותו מותר לתת עליו מרדעת ובלבד שיהא נזהר שלא יסמוך עצמו על הבהמה בשעת הכיסוי ולהסיר מרדעת בשבת בין מן החמור בין מן הסוס אסור כיון דלית ליה צער לא יסירנה |
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87:4 It's forbidden (for an animal) to go out (wearing) a bell even if
it's muffled and doesn't ring,1 even in a city that has an ''Eiruv'',
it's forbidden to take it out. However, in a courtyard it's allowed for
it to have (a bell) on it.2 If it's not muffled and rings, then even in
a courtyard it's forbidden to be on it.3
1) Even if it wasn't considered a load, it would still be prohibited, because when one sees an animal with a bell around its neck, it looks like the owner is on his way to sell the animal in the markets on Shabbat. This type of prohibition is called ''Ma'arit Ayin'', and forbids doing anything that others might interpret as a transgression. Other authorities claim that even without this prohibition (for example, it was an animal one wouldn't be going out to sell), the bell around its neck would still be considered a load, and so it would be prohibited to allow the animal into the public domain on Shabbat (see Mishna Berurah 305:43). 2) The concern that people might think the animal is being led to the market for sale, only applies in a public place, not a private courtyard. 3) It's rabbinically prohibited to play a musical instrument on Shabbat, because it might break and one might inadvertently repair it, thereby violating Shabbat. According to many authorities, this prohibition applies to any object that is specifically designed to make a sound, such as whistles, bells, etc. | אסורה לצאת בזוג אף על פי שהוא פקוק ואינו מקשקש ואפילו בעיר שהיא מתוקנת בעירובין אסור שתצא בו רק בחצר מותר שיהיה עליה ואם אינו פקוק ומקשקש אפילו בחצר אסור להיות עליה |
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