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86:3 It is allowed to immerse one's whole body in cold water.1 However
one should not stand afterwards in front of an oven to warm oneself,2
because this is like washing in hot water. Even if one washed only one's
hands in cold water, one shouldn't warm them by the oven while they are
still wet, since this is like one who washed in water that was heated on
the (Shabbat) day, with which it is forbidden to wash them, even one
limb,3 rather one needs to thoroughly dry them first. See further in
Chapter 80, Law 32, that one should rub them (together) before wiping so
that there will only be a little water left on them.4
1) The prohibition against bathing one's whole body in water heated before Shabbat, only applies if the water is considered hot (that is, people would call it ''hot water'' - see Aruch Hashulchan 326:3). It is allowed to bathe one's whole body in luke warm water (as long as it was heated before Shabbat) and therefore, one may immerse in a luke warm mikvah on Shabbat (Mishna Berurah 326:7); some authorities even allow using a hot mikvah. 2) Before drying off. 3) Other authorities rule that one may place wet hands next to a fire to dry on Shabbat, because the water is only really becoming warm, not hot, and hence it is equivalent to water which was heated before Shabbat, with which it is allowed to wash individual limbs (Mishna Berurah 326:17). 4) In certain circumstances, making a towel wet on Shabbat is prohibited, because it is considered part of the laundering process. |
מותר לטבול כל גופו בצונן אבל לא יעמוד אחר כך נגד התנור להתחמם משום דהוי כרוחץ בחמין ואפילו רחץ רק ידיו במים צוננים לא יחמם אצל התנור בעודם לחים משום דהוי כרוחץ במים שהוחמו היום דאסור לרחוץ בהם אפילו אבר אחד אלא צריך לנגבם תחלה יפה ועיין לעיל סימן פ' סעיף ל''ב שישפשפם קודם הניגוב שלא ישאר עליהם רק מעט מים |
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86:4 One who washes (on Shabbat) needs to take care not to squeeze
(water from) one's hair.1 Similarly, one should be careful not to swim,
because it is forbidden to swim on Shabbat or a festival.2 It is also
forbidden to float an object, such as a piece of wood on the water.3 If
one washed in a place where it is forbidden to carry, one must be
further careful and before getting out one first removes the water that
is on one's body and hair, drying them carefully so no water remains on
them to be carried into the public domain. Also in the river itself one
needs to be careful not to carry (on one's body) the water more than
four cubits, because the river is a semi-public domain.4 Because not
everyone knows to be careful it has become customary in these countries
not to wash at all (the whole body) on Shabbat even in cold water,5
except for the purpose of a comandment, e.g.; a woman after her period
as explained in Chapter 162, Law 7, or a man after a seminal emission.7
1) It is Biblically prohibited to wring liquid from an absorbent fabric, because it is part of the process of laundering. The Rabbis extended this prohibition even to non-absorbent fabric that traps water between its fibres, and to hair. See Chapter 80 Laws 33-37. 2) This is a rabbinical prohibition (See Shulchan Aruch 339:1). 3) For example, it is prohibited to push the pieces aside in the water, in order to clear the area of water one is standing in. This prohibition applies only in a river, lake or ocean, not in a tub or pool. 4) A ''carmelit'' where it is forbidden to carry. Some argue that while in the river itself, the water on one's body is considered to be connected to the water in the river, and thus it would not be considered carrying. 5) In other words, due to the various prohibitions that one may come to violate while bathing, it became customary not to bathe one's whole body, even in cold water, on Shabbat. 6) It is allowed to immerse in a ritual pool on Friday evening. This requires washing the body first. 7) Many men have the custom of immersing in a ritual pool after a seminal emission. |
הרוחץ צריך ליזהר שלא לסחוט שערו וכן צריך ליזהר שלא לשוט כי אסור לשוט בשבת וביום טוב וכן אסור להשיט איזה דבר כגון הקיסמין שעל פני המים ואם רוחץ במקום שאסורין לטלטל צריך עוד ליזהר שקודם צאתו יסיר תחלה המים שעל גופו ושערותיו לנגבם יפה שלא ישאר עליו מים ויוציאם מרשות לרשות וגם בנהר עצמו צריך ליזהר שלא ישא את המים שעליו ארבע אמות כי הנהר הוא כרמלית ולפי שאין כולם יודעים ליזהר על כן נתפשט המנהג במדינות אלו שלא לרחוץ כלל בשבת אפילו בצונן כי אם לצורך מצוה כגון אשה נדה כדלקמן סימן קס''ב סעיף ז' ואיש לקריו |
| 86:5 It's permitted to stand on a river bank (on Shabbat) and wash one's hands in the river, and it is not prohibited that one carries water on one's hands from the river to the bank, because the river is a semi-public domain and the river bank is also a semi-public domain, and it is permitted to take out of one semi-public domain to (another) semi-public domain less than four cubits, only one needs to be careful to dry one's hands carefully before walking four cubits. | מותר לעמוד על שפת הנהר ולרחוץ ידיו בנהר ואין זה איסור במה שהוא מוציא את המים שעל ידיו מן הנהר על שפתו לפי שהנהר הוא כרמלית ושפת הנהר הוא גם כן כרמלית ומותר להוציא מכרמלית לכרמלית בפחות מארבע אמות רק שיזהר לנגב ידיו היטב קודם שילך ארבע אמות |
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