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80:87 It's forbidden to make a musical sound on Shabbat, whether through
an instrument or one's limbs (apart from with one's mouth). Even to snap
one's fingers or (to tap them) on a board (or table) to make a sound, or
to rattle nuts, or ring (a bell) for a child so that he won't cry. One
shouldn't clap one's hands together or dance,1 In honor of the Torah
it's allowed to clap and to dance. Also one who does so to a child so
that he won't cry shouldn't be rebuked since there are those that permit
this.
1) The Sages forbade playing a musical instrument or doing any action with one's body, that one usually would do while musical instruments are being played. The reason for this prohibition is so that one doesn't end up inadvertently fixing a musical instrument on Shabbat (like replacing a broken string). The Rema 339:3 presents two reasons which might explain why many people, even in his times (17th Century), did actually dance and clap on Shabbat and Yom Tov: a) The Halachic authorities didn't rebuke those who were dancing and clapping, because they felt that people wouldn't listen to them in this matter. Therefore, they applied the Talmudic principle which states that, in certain circumstances, it is better to allow people to violate the law unintentionally, rather than rebuking them, and creating a situation in which the law is being violated with prior knowledge and intent; b) Perhaps nowadays, since the general population are not experts in making musical instruments, there is no reason to be concerned that one might come to fix a musical instrument, and therefore, this Rabbinical prohibition wouldn't apply (it is important to note that the question of leniency only applies to dancing and clapping, but not to actual instruments or improvised instruments like rattling nuts - see Mishna Berurah 339:10. |
אסור להשמיע קול של שיר בשבת בכלי או באיבריו חוץ מבפיו אפילו להכות באצבעיו זה על זה או על הלוח להשמיע קול או לקשקש באגוז או בזוג לתינוק שלא יבכה ולא מטפחין יד על יד ולא מרקדין ולכבוד התורה מותר לטפח ולרקד וגם העושה לתינוק כדי שלא יבכה אין מוחין כיון שיש מתירין |
| 80:88 It's allowed to make a non-musical sound, therefore it's allowed to knock on the door so that it will be opened for one and similar actions. Some (authorities) say that nevertheless it's forbidden to make a sound with an object designed for that purpose, for example to knock on the door using the door knocker, or with the door bell. Similarly, those clocks which are made to sound the hours when one presses on them or pulls a string designed for this action, one shouldn't do this on Shabbat or festivals. |
קול שאינו דרך שיר מותר להשמיע ולכן מותר להקיש על הדלת כדי שיפתחו לו וכיוצא בזה ויש אומרים שאף על פי כן אסור להשמיע קול בכלי המיוחד לכך כגון להקיש על הדלת בטבעת הקבוע בה או בפעמון המיוחד לזה וכן אותן כלי שעות שהם עשויים לקשקש השעות על ידי מה שדוחקין בהם או שמושחין בחוט המיוחד לכך אין לעשות כן בשבת ויום טוב |
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80:89 One who is guarding fruits or crops from animals and birds,
shouldn't clap his hands, or slap his sides, or stamp his feet in order
to drive them away,1 in the same way he would during the week.2
1) The Rabbis enacted this prohibition due to a concern that if these acts were allowed, one may inadvertently throw a rock at the animal, and end up violating the prohibition against throwing an object from a private into a public domain (Shulchan Aruch 338:4). 2) If one is consciously performing these acts in an irregular manner, then one will be reminded that it's Shabbat, and will not end up throwing a rock (Mishna Berurah 338:17). | המשמר פירות או זרעים מפני חיה ועוף לא יספיק כף אל כף ולא יטפח כפיו על ירכו ולא ירקד ברגליו כדי להבריחם כדרך שהוא עושה בחול |
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