Audio by Ushy Fried

80:6 Something that's impossible to eat unless rinsed, is forbidden to be rinsed on Shabbat even with cold water.1 Salted herring, however, may be soaked in cold water, because also before the soaking it could be eaten.

1) This is the opinion of the ''Pri Megadim''. The Mishna Berurah (318:37), however, rules like the authorities who allow rinsing with cold water in order to make something edible; according to them, there is no prohibition against making something edible on Shabbat, as long as no heat or hot water is involved.

דבר שאי אפשר כלל לאוכלו בלי הדחה אסור להדיחו בשבת אפילו בצונן ודג מלוח, מותר לשרותו במים צוננים לפי שגם קודם השריה ראוי לאכילה
80:7 Mustard, horseradish, or other relishes which didn't have vinegar added on Friday, are forbidden to add (the vinegar) to them on Shabbat,1 unless one does so in an unusual manner,2 for example, by first pouring the vinegar into an (empty) dish, and afterwards adding the mustard or horseradish. It is also forbidden to make a thick mixture. Rather, one should use a large amount of vinegar, so that the mixture is thin. Nor should one mix it with a spoon or the like, rather with one's finger or by shaking in a bowl until it becomes mixed.

1) One of the 39 categories of activities (''Melachot'') which are Biblically prohibited on Shabbat is ''Lisha'' (Kneading). All acts which involve the binding together of small particles (e.g. flour) by means of a bonding agent (e.g. water), to form one mass, are included in this prohibition. 2) Although performing one of the 39 Melachot in an unusual manner is not considered a violation of Biblical law, it is usually prohibited Rabbinically. However, the Melacha of kneading is one of the exceptions in which doing the act in an unusual manner is actually permitted in certain circumstances.

חרדל ותמכא חזרת ושאר מיני טיבולין שלא נתן בהם חומץ מבעוד יום אסור ליתן בהם בשבת אלא בשינוי דהיינו שיתן תחלה את החומץ בכלי ואחר כך יתן לתוכו את החרדל או התמכא ולא יעשנו בלילה עבה אלא ישפוך חומץ הרבה שתהא בלילותה רכה וגם לא יערבו בכף וכדומה אלא באצבעו או שינענע בכלי עד שיתערב

80:8 Fruit which is found under a tree is forbidden even to be moved,1 because it may have fallen that day.2 Similarly, all fruit which is in a Gentile's possession if there was a doubt that it was picked that day, is forbidden even to be moved.3

1) In general, any object which one would not have expected to use on Shabbat (and is not really available for regular use), is defined as "Muktzeh" and one is Rabbinically prohibited to use or move it on Shabbat, in certain circumstances. There are many exceptions and additions to this very general definition of "Muktzeh," and one should consult a detailed book dealing with the laws of Shabbat in order to learn what is prohibited and what is permitted. 2) One category of Muktzeh is called ''Nolad'' (lit: something born or newly created), and includes any item which was either not in existence before Shabbat (such as eggs laid or milk produced on Shabbat), or became available for use on Shabbat as a result of an act that is itself forbidden to be performed on Shabbat (such as fruit that fell from a tree or was picked by a Gentile (detaching anything from the place it grew, is prohibited on Shabbat)). Another reason for this prohibition against moving fruit that is lying under a tree, is that if it were permitted, one may come to pick the fruit off the tree (See the Magen Avraham). 3) There are also other concerns, for example, that the food had been brought from outside the Shabbat ''Techum'', that is, the maximum distance one may walk on Shabbat. See also Ch. 95.

פירות שנמצאו תחת אילן אסורים אפילו בטלטול שמא נפלו היום וכן כל פירות שאצל אינו יהודי אם יש להסתפק שמא נתלשו היום אסור אפילו בטלטול

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