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80:36 One was walking and came to a stream , one should avoid it by
jumping over it even if it's wide, , this is preferable to trying to
walk around it which adds to his journey.1 . One's forbidden to go
through it so that one doesn't come to (the prohibition of) wringing. ,
Even in another place, in a place where one can slip and fall into
water, it's forbidden to walk (there) on Shabbat, . in case ones'
clothes become wet and one comes to (the prohibition of) wringing.
1) One of the ways through which we are commanded to honor Shabbat is by walking in a way that is different from the way we walk and move around during the week. People usually go about their business in a hasty way during the week, and therefore, on Shabbat, it is forbidden to run or jump unless it is for the sake of a Mitzvah (like running to Synagogue). However, in the above case, it is preferable to jump over the stream, rather than over exert oneself by attempting to find a way around it, or by passing through the water itself, and risk violating the prohibition against wringing water out of one's garments. |
היה הולך והגיע לאמת המים יכול לדלג ולקפוץ עליו אפילו הוא רחב ומוטב שידלג ממה שיקיף מפני שמרבה בהילוך ואסור לעבור בו שלא יבא לידי סחיטה ואפילו במקום אחר במקום שיכול להחליק וליפול במים אסור לילך בשבת שמא ישרו בגדיו ויבא לידי סחיטה |
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80:37 One was travelling to carry out a Mitzvah, for example, to greet
his father or his teacher, or one who is wiser than him, can cross
through a stream.1 , Provided one does it in an unusual way, for
example, he doesn't take his hands from under his garments, so that he
remembers (the prohibition) and doesn't wring (his garments) out. It's
forbidden to cross (the stream wearing) his sandals, because they can't
be tied tightly, we are concerned they might fall off and then be
carried,2 however, (crossing the stream while wearing) his shoes is
permitted. Since he went for the purposes of a Mitzvah he may also
(cross the stream when he) returns.3 If one travels to guard ones'
produce (since guarding one's possessions is also somewhat of a Mitzvah)
he may cross (the stream) on the way but not on his return.
1) The Mishna Berurah (613:22) writes that most Acharonim (later Halachic authorities) agree that if there is a way around the stream, it is better to take the long way around, than to walk through the water. 2) It's forbidden to carry an object through a public domain on Shabbat (see Ch. 82). 3) The Sages feared that if they didn't allow people to walk through the water on the return journey, they might refrain from going to do the Mitzvah in the first place. |
היה הולך לדבר מצוה כגון להקביל פני אביו או רבו או מי שגדול ממנו בחכמה יכול לעבור בנהר ובלבד שיעשה שינוי כגון שלא יוציא ידו מתחת שפת חלוקו כדי שיזכור ולא יבא לידי סחיטה ואסור לעבור בסנדלו דכיון דאינו יכל להדקו ולקשרו יפה חיישינן דלמא נפל ואתי לאתויי אבל במנעלו מותר וכיון שהלך לדבר מצוה מותר לו אף לחזור ואם הולך לשמור פירותיו דשמירת ממונו הוי גם כן קצת מצוה מותר לו לעבור בהליכה אבל לא בחזרה |
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80:38 There is mud on ones' clothes: , if it's moist one can scrape it
off with ones' nails or with a knife.1 . But if it's dry it's forbidden
to scrape it because this resembles ''grinding''.2
1) One may only remove moist mud if one leaves behind a slight stain; since the garment will remain soiled, removing the mud doesn't resemble an act of ''Laundering'' - ''Kibus''. 2) One of the 39 Avot Melacha (prototype prohibited activity) is ''Tochen'' - ''grinding''. Any activity that involves breaking down an item into small particles or pieces might be a derivative of "Tochen." Although one is usually not allowed to ask a Gentile to perform prohibited activities for a Jew on Shabbat, in cases of necessity, one may ask a Gentile to remove any type of dirt, provided it will leave a stain behind (See Shulchan Aruch, O''H, 302:7 and Mishna Berurah and Biur Halacha). | טיט שעל בגדו אם הוא לח מגרדו בצפורן או בסכין אבל אם הוא יבש אסור לגרדו משום דהוי כטוחן |
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