1) This falls under the prohibition called ''Mefarek'', which is defined as removing a natural product from its natural container. Squeezing out liquids is called ''Sechitah''. The Biblical prohibition of Sechitah (with regard to food) applies only to grapes and olives, because the optimum use of these fruits is in the production of their juice, that is, oil and wine. However, other fruits, such as lemons and oranges, whose juices are not their ultimate form, and yet they are commonly juiced, are still subject to Rabbinical prohibition forbidding extraction of their juice. There are a few leniencies which apply to fruits which are only Rabbinically prohibited; for these fruits, extracting their juice is permitted if: a) The purpose of the extraction is to enhance the fruit OR b) The juice is being squeezed onto solid foods (for then the juice is considered ''food'' rather than ''drink'', and thus one is separating ''food'' from ''food'' - a permissible act.) OR c) one sucks it out of the fruit with one's mouth 2) However, one may squeeze the lemon juice onto sugar (as long as most of it is absorbed into the sugar), and then put the sugar into the water. 3) Those who permit it hold that sucking is not the usual way of extracting the juice, and is therefore permitted. According to these authorities, one may hold a wedge of orange or lemon in one's hand, and suck out its juice. 4) Most of the leniencies don't apply to grapes or olives, because extracting their juice is a Biblical prohibition. 5) One may even squeeze it into an empty container, provided one intends to discard it.

1) This falls under the prohibition called ''Mefarek'', which is defined as removing a natural product from its natural container; milking a cow is also prohibited for the same reason. 2) See Mishna Berurah 328:112. 3) If the mother herself is in pain and needs to express, she may do so with a manual breast pump, even though the milk goes into the pump before being discarded (Avnei Neizer, Orach Chaim Vol.I Resp.47)

לא תקלח אשה חלב מדדיה לתוך הכוס או לתוך הקדרה ותניק את בנה אבל מותרת לקלח מהחלב כדי שיאחוז התינוק את הדד ויינק ואסור להתיז מחלבה על איזה דבר לרפואה במקום שאין בו סכנה ולא צערה יתרה

1) The source for this Halacha is the Talmud in Tractate Shabbat 51a: ''One may not crush snow or hail on Shabbat so that they melt, however one may place them in a cup or plate...'' There is a dispute among the Rishonim (early Talmudic commentators) as to the reason behind this prohibition. Rashi explains that although actively causing ice to melt is not one of the 39 categories of Biblically prohibited creative activity, the Rabbis felt it is similar in the sense that it is as if one is ''creating'' water, and thus prohibited it. The Rambam (Maimonides) however, places this prohibition in the chapter of his ''Mishna Torah'' dealing with the Biblical prohibition of extracting juice from fruits, implying that crushing ice was prohibited by the Rabbis, because one might come to squeeze fruit for its juice. The later Halachic authorities argue whether the prohibition only applies to actively crushing ice to cause melting, or whether it even applies to placing the ice near a source of heat so that it will melt on its own. The Rama (318:16) states that the custom follows the more stringent opinion, and therefore one should not place congealed fat on hot foods (speeding up the melting of anything frozen is included in this prohibition) or warm up anything on Shabbat which contains a frozen substance that will melt; however, in cases of necessity (for example, one needs the food for a Shabbat meal), one may rely on the more lenient opinion. 2) Even the more stringent opinion, which forbids placing something frozen next to a source of heat, would permit placing the ice in a drink, because the melting ice would not be not visible. 3) Of course, if it is difficult to find another place, one may urinate onto the snow. 4) This is a Rabbinical prohibition under the framework of the Biblical prohibition of ''Lisha'' (lit: kneading), which is defined as the act of binding together small particles (for example, flour) by means of a bonding agent (like water), to form one mass.