1) The regular Shabbat Maftir consists of repeating the last few lines of the weekly portion, which were already read for the seventh Aliyah. See Ch. 78:8 which explains the reason behind the Maftir reading. 2) On occasions such as a Festival, the Maftir is read from a separate scroll.

1) Two people are called up, one for ''Hagbah'' - to lift up the scroll and show the text already read to all the congregation, and one for ''Gelillah'' - to roll up the scroll, put on the mantle and any other ornaments.

המפטיר לא יתחיל בברכת ההפטרה עד לאחר שהגולל כרך את ספר התורה

1) The practice of reading from the Prophets on Shabbat was introduced during the reign of the Syrian-Greek King, Antiochus, who ruled just prior to the Chanukah miracle (about 165 B.C.E.). He prohibited public readings from the Torah scroll, and thus the people resorted to reading from the Prophets on Shabbat, calling up seven people to read three verses each. Later, when the ban was lifted, the people retained their custom of having someone read from the Prophets every Shabbat - from the Artscroll Siddur. 2) The custom of many Sefardic communities is to pause after ''true and just'', whereupon the congregation responds ''Faithful are You''.