1) As soon as one realizes one's error, one should say the words Blessed be the name of His glorious majesty forever and ever'' (the second line of the Shema) which is what one says whenever one has said a blessing (and therefore G-d's Name) in vain. 2) There has to be at least a ''Revi'it'' of wine on the table at the time, and one must drink a ''cheek-full'' from it immediately (that is, as soon as one realizes that there is water rather than wine in his Kiddush cup). 3) This is because one has already made a ''...who creates the fruit of the vine'' over the cup of water which one thought contained wine. The Kiddush blessing itself has to be repeated because there was no wine on the table when one said it. See also Ch. 56:7. 4) "The wine of the country" is defined as a beverage one would serve to a guest to whom one wishes to show respect (and not merely to quench his thirst) such as beer or liquors. Such a drink serves as an acceptable substitute for wine in certain circumstances, see Ch. 45:1. 5) If one discovers water rather than wine in the cup. 6) In general, when there is no wine or grape juice available, or if one doesn't like wine or grape juice, one may make Kiddush over the Challot.

1) The reason that the Sages instituted this Kiddush is to lend significance to the morning Shabbat meal by differentiating it from weekday meals. 2) It is a widespread custom to say various Biblical passages before the blessing over the wine. See Mishna Berurah 289:2. 3) See Chapter 8, Law 2. It is permitted to drink water (and according to some, even tea and coffee) before the Shabbat morning prayers, because the obligation to say Kiddush only begins after one has completed the morning Shemoneh Esreh. 4) According to Rav Moshe Feinstein zt'l, since the morning Kiddush is only a Rabbinical enactment, one may rely on the opinion that a Revi'it is 3.3 fluid ounces.

גם ביום בסעודת שחרית צריך לקדש על הכוס דהיינו שמברך עליה בורא פרי הגפן וזהו הקידוש וגם נשים חייבות בקידוש זה וגם קודם קידוש זה אסור לטעום כלום ואפילו מים כמו בקידוש הלילה ומצוה מן המובחר שיהיה קידוש זה גם כן על היין דוקא ואם חביב לו יין שרף ומקדש עליו גם כן יוצא אך יזהר שתהא הכוס מחזיקה רביעית וישתה מלא לוגמיו בלא הפסק ואם מקדש על היין ורוצה לשתות גם יין שרף או קפה עיין לעיל סימן מ''ט סעיף ו'

1) Isaiah 58:13. 2) It is allowed to make Kiddush in one room, and then eat in another room in the same house, as long as one intended to do so at the time of the Kiddush, and one can see the other room from the room in which one is saying Kiddush. If the room one intended to eat in is not visible from the room in which one is saying Kiddush, then only in difficult circumstances may one go ahead and eat the meal there (see Shulchan Aruch and Rema 273:1, and the Biur Halachah). If one moved to another building to eat after having made Kiddush, although one has acted improperly, one need not repeat the Kiddush, provided that one can see one's place of Kiddush from the building where one eats. 3) If the delay between Kiddush and the meal was due to unavoidable circumstances or circumstances related to the meal, one does not have to repeat the Kiddush (Mishna Berurah 273:12-14). 4) One must eat a piece of cake the size of a ''K'zayit'' (an olive) : 28.8 cc. according to Shiurei Torah, 33 cc.according to the Chazon Ish. 5) It is not clear why the Kitzur Shulchan Aruch rules that even when one eats a ''K'zayit'' of cake, one must still drink a ''Revi'it'' of wine. According to most Halachic authorities, one can fulfill the obligation of ''Kiddush where one eats a meal'' by eating a K'zayit of bread, cake or other food made from one of the five species of grain (wheat, barley, spelt, oats and rye) immediately after hearing or saying Kiddush. If there is no food available, such as in the case discussed above, drinking a Revi'it of wine is considered a ''meal'' in terms of this law (according to some, the person saying the Kiddush must also drink a ''cheek-full'' of wine apart from the additional Revi'it, in order to first fulfill the obligation of Kiddush). 6) See the next law for how one may make Kiddush and eat a snack in between the morning prayers and the additional prayers even when one is not feeling weak. 7) Should have the intention that this blessing over the wine also serves as Kiddush. 8) To fulfill the Kiddush obligation. 9) To serve as the ''meal''. See also Ch. 76:8.