| 17:9 If one stopped in the middle of reading the Shema (i.e., in (the portions) from Shema Yisrael until ''off the land'') 1 due to circumstances that forced one to stop, for example, one had to go out to relieve oneself or feces were found in that place; if one waited for an amount of time that one could have said all the reading of the Shema, one must return to the beginning of the Shema. 1) Other halachic authorities do not exclude the passage ''And (G-d) spoke...''. | אם הפסיק באמצע קריאת שמע דהיינו מן שמע ישראל עד על הארץ מחמת אונס שהיה מוכרח להפסיק כגון שהיה צריך לצאת לעשות צרכיו או שנמצא צואה בבית אם שהה משך זמן שהיה הוא יכול לומר כל קריאת שמע צריך לחזור לתחלת קריאת שמע |
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17:10 One has (already) read the Shema and (then) enters a synagogue and
finds the congregation reading the Shema, should read with them the
entire Shema, 1 so that it does not appear that one does not want to
accept the yoke of heaven together with the others. One receives a
reward as one who reads from the Torah. This is the law if one is in the
synagogue and saying prayers of supplication or other verses in a place
where it is permitted to make an break. (If one is at a point where one
is not allowed (to stop, the laws of) this were explained above.) 2 If
one has not yet read the Shema, one should also read it with the
congregation. However, one should have the intention of not fulfilling
the obligation, so that one reads it later, with (its) blessings.
Similarly (with) the rest of prayers that the congregation says, - e.g.,
''A Psalm of David. Happy are they..'' (Ashrei), and ''Upon us'', and
the like. Even Piyutim (liturgical chants) one says with them, so that
one does not separate oneself from the congregation.
1) Though it is preferable to read the entire Shema, the Ramah (Shulchan Aruch, Orach Chayim 65:3) requires reading only the initial verse. 2) In Ch. 14:1; and Ch. 16:2. |
קרא קריאת שמע ונכנס לבית הכנסת ומצא צבור שקורין קריאת שמע צריך לקרות עמהם כל קריאת שמע שלא יראה כאלו אינו רוצה לקבל עול מלכות שמים עם חבריו ויקבל שכר כקורא בתורה והוא הדין אם הוא בבית הכנסת ואומר דברי תחנונים או פסוקים במקום שרשאי להפסיק ואם עומד במקום שאינו רשאי נתבאר לעיל ואם הוא עדיין לא קרא קריאת שמע קורא גם כן עם הצבור אבל צריך שיתכוין שלא לצאת ידי חובתו כדי שיקרא אחר כך עם הברכות וכן שאר דברים שהצבור אומרים כגון תהלה לדוד ועלינו וכדומה ואפילו פיוטים אומר עמהם ואל יפרוש את עצמו מן הצבור |
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18:1 The time of the commandment of morning prayer 1 begins at the
appearance of the sun, as it is written: 2 ''May they see You with the
sun.'' However, if one prayed after dawn 3 this is acceptable. The time
carries on to a third of the day, and it is forbidden to delay any
longer. However, after the fact, if one transgressed and delayed longer,
even intentionally, one may pray (the Shemoneh Esreh) until noon. 4
Though one does not have the reward of of praying (the Shemoneh Esreh)
on time, one still receives reward for prayer. If one intentionally
transgressed and went past noon, and did not pray, there is no way
compensation for this, and on this it was said: 5 ''the crookedness that
cannot be made straight.'' If it was by accident or was prevented, (the
laws) are explained in Ch. 21.
1) The Hebrew word ''tefillah'' is generally translated as prayer. However, in halachic terminology, it specifically refers to the Shemoneh Esreh prayers. Accordingly, in this chapter (and throughout the text), when the meaning of the word is confined to that specific application, the term has been translated as ''Shemoneh Esreh.'' When the concepts apply in particular to the Shemoneh Esreh, but can in a more total sense, be applied to the entire prayer service, the term is translated as ''prayer.'' 2) Psalms 72:5 3) ''Amud hashachar'' is first light or daybreak, where one sees light over the horizon but not the sun itself. ''Netz hachamar'' is the appearance of the sun, or sunrise, and is about 1 1/2 hours later. 4) According to the halacha noon is not necessarily exactly 12:00 am. Rather it is the midpoint between sunrise and sunset. Thus, in daylight saving time, on the average, noon is 1:00 pm and not 12:00. Furthermore, depending on the time of year and latitude and longitude of a city, there may be certain other fluctuations of the exact hour of noon. For example, if the sun rises at 5:45 am and sets at 5:45 pm, noon is 11:45 am. 5) Ecclesiastes 1:15 |
זמן תפלת השחר מצותה שיתחיל עם הנץ החמה כדכתיב ייראוך עם שמש ובדיעבד אם התפלל לאחר שעלה עמוד השחר יצא ונמשך זמנה עד שליש היום ואסור להתאחר יותר ומכל מקום בדיעבד אם עבר והתאחר יותר אפילו במזיד יכול להתפלל עד הצות היום אף על פי שאין לו שכר כתפלה בזמנה שכר תפלה מיהו איכא עבר במזיד עד חצות היום ולא התפלל אין לו עוד תשלומין ועליו נאמר מעות לא יוכל לתקן ואם שגג או נאנס יבואר בסימן כ''א |
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