פרק ח - משנה א | |
כלאי הכרם | A forbidden mixture in a vineyard |
אסורין מלזרוע ומלקיים | is forbidden to plant and to maintain |
ואסורין בהנאה | and are prohibited from deriving any benefit from them; |
כלאי זרעים | Forbidden mixtures of plants |
אסורין מלזרוע ומלקיים | are forbidden to plant and to maintain |
ומותרין באכילה | but may be eaten; |
כלאי בגדים | Forbidden mixtures in garments |
מותרין לכל דבר | may be used for anything |
ואינן אסורין אלא מללבוש | except they are not allowed to be worn; |
כלאי בהמה | Forbidden mixtures of animals |
מותרין לגדל ולקיים | may be raised and maintained |
ואינן אסורין אלא מלהרביע | and are not prohibited from anything except breeding |
כלאי בהמה | forbidden mixtures of animals |
אסורין זה עם זה | are forbidden with each other |
פרק ח - משנה ב | |
בהמה עם בהמה | A domestic animal with a domestic animal |
וחיה עם חיה | and a wild animal with a wild animal |
בהמה עם חיה | a domestic animal with a wild animal |
וחיה עם בהמה | and a wild animal with a domestic animal |
טהורה עם טהורה | a kosher animal with a kosher animal |
וטמאה עם טמאה | and a non-kosher animal with a non-kosher animal |
. טהורה עם טמאה | a kosher animal with a non-kosher animal |
וטמאה עם טהורה | and a non-kosher animal with a kosher animal |
אסורין לחרוש | it is forbidden to plow (with them yoked together) |
ולמשוך | and to pull with them |
ולהנהיג | and to drive them |
NOTES
משנה א
אינן אסורין אלא מלהרביע - One may pen two animals of different genders and species together, and even take other steps to allow them to interbreed; the prohibition is only, to use the euphamism of the גמרא, to take the makeup applicator in your hand and insert it into the tube of makeup.
כלאי בהמה אסורין זה עם זה - In other words, one may not interbreed two animals that are themselves כלאי בהמה, even a mule (which is sired by a donkey) with a hinny (which is similar to a mule, but has a stallion for its father and its mother is a donkey).
משנה ב
Note: This משנה is coming to resolve a question posed by the פסוק which states לא תחרוש שור אם חמור. According to the רמב"ם, we learn from this that the prohibition is only between a kosher animal and a non-kosher animal, like in the פסוק. Thus, the רמב"ם begins this משנה with the phrase "במה דברים אמורים", and reads the rest of the משנה as follows:
What is the previous משנה referring to? To a domestic animal with a domestic animal . . . . and a non-kosher animal with a non-kosher animal. But, a kosher animal with a non-kosher animal, and a non-kosher animal with a kosher animal, one may not plow . . . .
The other ראשונים are not גורס the words במה דברים אמורים, and say that the משנה is giving us an entire list of possible combinations which, although the __ refers only to a kosher animal with a non-kosher animal, are also forbidden to work together.
ולמשוך ולהנהיג - Again, there is a fundamental difference with how the רמב"ם and the other ראשונים understand this part of the משנה. Most ראשונים learn that ולמשוך refers to animals that are normally led, or pulled, like oxen, while להנהיג refers to animals that are normally driven from behind, like donkeys. The רמב"ם learns that ולמשוך is referring to animal pulling something together, like a cart.
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