מסכת כלים פרק כו משנה ט |
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עור שהוא טמא מדרס |
A hide that was tamei midras (and was currently designated for use as something susceptible to such tumah, such as a mat) |
וחשב עליו לרצועות |
and one intended for it to be straps |
ולסנדלין |
or sandals (which are not susceptible to tumah), |
כיון שנתן בו את האזמל |
when he puts the knife to it (i.e. as soon as the knife is inserted into the hide, but not real change to it is made) |
טהור |
it is tahor, |
דברי רבי יהודה |
these are the words of Rabbi Yehudah (while intent alone would not suffice, he held that a physical change was not necessary; rather a physical demonstration of the intended change to the utensil was sufficient); |
וחכמים אומרים |
and the Sages say |
עד שימעטנו |
until he reduces it |
פחות מחמשה טפחים |
to less than five (square) handbreadths (they held it was necessary to convert the hide into something else completley, which required such a reduction); |
רבי אלעזר ברבי צדוק אומר |
Rabbi Eliezer the son of Rabbi Tzadok says, |
אף העושה מטפחת |
also one who makes a matpeches (this was a small piece of material, and in this particular case it was used to sit or lay upon) |
מן העור |
from a hide (that was tamei, and used for something like a mat) |
טמאה |
it is tamei (even though the utensil has been changed, it still serves as a seat, the same purpose which had originally made it susceptible to tumah) |
ומן הכסת |
and from a mattress |
טהורה |
it is tahor (as this was a more significant change, from an item that served as a container to an item that was sat upon). |
פרק כז משנה א |
|
הבגד |
The cloth |
מטמא משום חמשה שמות |
can become tamei due to five statuses (described below); |
השק |
the sackcloth (made of coarsely woven goat hair, or the hair from the tail of a horse or cow), |
משום ארבעה |
due to four; |
העור |
the hide, |
משום שלשה |
due to three; |
העץ |
the wood, |
משום שנים |
due to two; |
וכלי חרס |
and earthenware utensils, |
משום אחד |
due to one. |
כלי חרס |
Earthenware utensils |
מטמא משום כלי קבול |
become tamei for being a utensil with a receptacle, |
כל שאין לו תוך |
and that do not have interiors |
בכלי חרס |
from earthenware utensils, |
אין לו אחורים |
do not have exteriors (that is to say, if something tamei touched the outer surface of a flat earthenware utensil, it remains tahor). |
מוסף עליו העץ |
The (utensil made of) wood exceeds it, |
שהוא מטמא משום מושב |
as it (also) becomes tamei for being a seat (even if it lacks a receptacle), |
וכן טבלה שאין לה לזבז |
and similarly a tray that has no rim, |
בכלי עץ טמאה |
with a wooden utensil (such a tray is rabbinically) tamei, |
בכלי חרס |
with earthenware |
טהורה |
it is tahor. |
מוסף עליו העור |
The hide exceeds it, |
שהוא מטמא משום אהלים |
as it (also) becomes tamei as a canopy (a hide that formed a canopy over a cadaver becomes tamei). |
מוסף עליו השק |
The sackcloth exceeds it, |
שהוא מטמא משום אריג |
as it (also) becomes tamei for being woven (if intended to be used, no matter how small). |
מוסף עליו הבגד |
The cloth exceeds it, |
שהוא מיטמא |
as it (also) becomes tamei |
משום שלש על שלש |
for being three by three (handbreadths; the following mishnah will convey the details of this rule.) |
לרפואת מרים חיה בת ברכה בתוך שאר חולי ישראל