| מסכת כלים פרק א משנה ב | |
| למעלה מהם | Above these are |
| נבלה | an animal carcass (that was not properly slaughtered) |
| ומי חטאת | and the waters of transgression (i.e. the waters derived from the parah adumah used to purify those who are tameh from contact with the dead) |
| שיש בהם כדי הזיה | that are sufficient to sprinkle, |
| שהם מטמאין | as these impart tumah |
| את האדם במשא | to a person by being carried (or moved, even without direct physical contact) |
| לטמא בגדים במגע |
to [make such a person] impart tumah to clothing by contact [by the person with the clothing while moving the carcass or water], |
| וחשוכי בגדים במגע |
excepting clothes [from becoming tamei] by [the person's] contact [with the carcass or water, when the person does not carry or move the carcass or water]. |
|
פרק א משנה ג |
|
| למעלה מהן | Above these |
| בועל נדה | is one who has intercourse with a nidah |
| שהוא מטמא | as he imparts tumah |
| משכב תחתון | to a bed (or other object made to be reclined upon) that is beneath him (i.e. that bears his weight, even if he is not in direct contact with it) |
| כעליון | like [he imparts tumah to] that which is above him (i.e. upon him). |
| למעלה מהן | Above these are |
| זובו של זב | the abnormal genital emissions of a zav (one who has had two such abnormal emissions within two days of each other) |
| ורוקו ושכבת זרעו ומימי רגליו | and his saliva, semen and urine, |
| ודם הנדה | and menstrual blood, |
| שהן מטמאין | as these impart tumah |
| במגע ובמשא | by contact or by being carried. |
| למעלה מהן | Above these |
| מרכב | is a saddle (or other object made to be ridden upon) |
| שהוא מטמא | as it imparts tumah |
| תחת אבן מסמא | beneath an emplaced [and difficult to move] rock (and a zav, zavvah, niddah, yoledes or metzorah sit on that rock). |
| למעלה מן המרכב | Above the saddle |
| משכב | is a bed (or other object made to be reclined upon, that has borne the weight of a zav, zavvah, niddah, yoledes or metzorah ) |
| ששוה מגעו למשאו |
as its contact is equal to its being carried. |
| למעלה מן המשכב | Above the bed |
| הזב | is the zav, |
| שהזב עושה משכב | as the zav creates [the unique tumah of] a bed |
| ואין משכב עושה משכב | and the bed does not create [the unique tumah of] a bed. |
Notes
לטמא בגדים במגע - There is disagreement as to what clothing this refers to. For example, in תורת כהנים it says that the person must be in direct physical contact with the clothing while he moved the carcass or water, and that this rule extends beyond clothing to food and (non-earthenware) utensils. The רא"ש says that this will also to apply to an outer garment worn but not actually touching the person's body, while רש"י on the other hand omits the word "במגע" here and rules that it applies only to clothes being worn, but not to clothes that were touched but not worn.