אלו כלים מצילין

These utensils protect

with a sealed cover:

Utensils of dung;

utensils of stone;

utensils of clay;

utensils of earthenware;

and utensils of nesser (a variety of earthenware; see 2:1);

[utensils made from] bones of fish and their skins;

[utensils made from] bones of sea animals and their skins;

and wooden utensils that are tahor (that are not susceptible to tumah);

they protect whether from their mouths (i.e. the seal is over their normal opening),

whether from their sides (when the seal covers an abnormal hole in their wall),

whether they are sitting on their bottoms,

whether they are tilted on their sides;

if they were turned over onto their mouths

they protect all that is beneath them

until the depths [of the earth],

Rabbi Eliezer rules it is tamei (when the item is below, but not within the vessel).

They protect everything

except earthenware utensils

that (by rabbinic decree) do not protect,

[anything] except food,

and drink,

and earthenware utensils.

פרק י משנה ב

With what may we seal?

With plaster;

and with gypsum (a a soft sulfate mineral used to make a stronger variety of plaster);

with pitch;

and with wax;

with mud;

and with dung;

with mortar;

and with earthenware fragments (that were crushed and mixed with water to form a paste);

and with any matter that can be smeared.

We do not seal,

neither with tin

nor with lead

as it covers

and does not seal (these soft metals can be pressed into place, but will not adhere to form a true seal unless they are molten).

We do not seal

neither with fat pressed figs (which can have the consistency of paste)

and not with dough

that has been kneaded with fruit juice (and is therefore not susceptible to tumah)

so that it does not come to be made ineffective (if these two substances were to come into contact a qualifying liquid - water, dew, wine, oil, blood, milk or honey from bees - they would become susceptible to tumah and would no longer qualify as a seal),

and if one did surround (i.e. if one did use one of these two), it protects.