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פרק א משנה ו
כל הנעשה דמים באחר 

Anything used as payment for another [in a kinyan chalifin]

כיון שזכה זה

once this one (i.e. one party) takes possession [of the item he is acquiring]

נתחיב זה בחליפיו

he becomes liable for the item it is to be exchanged for.

כיצד

How so?

החליף שור בפרה

If one exchanged an ox for a cow

או חמור בשור

or a donkey for an ox

כיון שזכה זה

once this one takes possession

נתחיב זה בחליפיו

that one is liable for its exchange.

רשות הגבוה בכסף

Possession by the Most High (i.e. the Treasurer of the Beis Hamikdosh) is [acquired] by money

 ורשות ההדיוט בחזקה

and possession by a layperson is with an act of possession.

  אמירתו לגבוה

Verbal [dedication] to the Most High

כמסירתו להדיוט

is like delivery to a layperson.

   
פרק א משנה ז
כל מצות הבן על האב

All commandments regarding a son that are upon a father

אנשים חיבין ונשים פטורות

men are obligated to do them, and women are exempt;

וכל מצות האב על הבן

and all commandments regarding a father that are upon a son

אחד אנשים ואחד נשים

both men and women

חיבין

are obligated to do them;

וכל מצות עשה שהזמן גרמה

and all affirmative commandments triggered by a certain time

אנשים חיבין ונשים פטורות

men are obligated to do them, and women are exempt;

 וכל מצות עשה שלא הזמן גרמה

and all affirmative commandments not triggered by a certain time

אחד אנשים ואחד נשים

both men and women

חיבין

are obligated to do them;

וכל מצות לא תעשה

and all prohibitive commandments,

בין שהזמן גרמה

whether triggered by a certain time

ובין שלא הזמן גרמה

whether not triggered by a certain time,

אחד אנשים ואחד נשים

both men and women

חיבין

are obligated to do them,

חוץ מבל תשחית

except for the prohibition against destroying [one's beard],

ובל תקיף

the prohibition against rounding [one's hairline, by cutting off one's sidelocks]

ובל תטמא למתים

and the prohibition [for a kohen] against becoming tamei to a cadaver

   

NOTES

משנה ו

כל הנעשה דמים באחר - The רישא of this משנה deals with a קנין חליפין, which is basically a trade.  While a קנין חליפין can take the form of one item of value being exchanged for another of similar value, sometimes, as in the case of a קנין  סודר, it can be effectuated with one side acquiring possession of an item of very little value, like a סודר, or handkerchief, that is later returned.  In ordinary circumstances, a קנין חליפין can be done with anything except money, as the coin of the realm is not valued for its intrinsic value, but rather the value assigned by the government that backs it, and that backing can later be rescinded.  However, if from the terms of the exchange it is evident that the value of the money is not what the transfer is based on, it can be used.

נתחיב זה בחליפיו - If it is subsequently lost or damaged he is then responsible for it.

רשות הגבוה בכסף - Once paid for, it is the property of the מקדש, and the seller cannot void the sale, even though the object sold has not yet changed hands.

ורשות ההדיוט בחזקה - Even though a layperson paid for an item, the seller can return the money rather than handing over the item.

erely perform משיכה, which literally means pulling, but includes making the animal move by any means, such as pushing, prodding, riding or calling .  The חכמים however, hold that משיכה is sufficient for all but the smallest animals (such as fowl), as they grip the ground and resist being lifted. 

משנה ז

מצות הבן על האב - There are six: (i) ברית מילה; (ii) פדיון הבן for a firstborn, (iii) תלמוד תורה; (iv) Teaching him a trade; (v) Marrying him off; (vi) Teaching him to swim.

מצות האב על הבן - This is to accept the authority (מורה) of one's father by refraining from sitting in his seat, contradicting him or espousing support for him in an argument, and having respect for (כבוד) one's father, by feeding, clothing and escorting him.

 

 

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