| מסכת חולין פרק ג משנה ג | |
| ואלו טרפות בעוף | The following render a bird a treifah: |
| נקובת הושט | The esophagus was punctured; |
| פסוקת הגרגרת |
the trachea was severed; |
| הכתה חולדה על ראשה | a weasel struck it on the head |
| מקום שעושה אותה טרפה | in a place that would render it a treifah (i.e. such that the meninges may have been punctured); |
| נקב הקרקבן | the gizzard was punctured (part of the digestive tract in birds, the gizzard is a pouch surrounded by muscles in which food is ground); |
| נקבו הדקין | the intestines were punctured; |
| נפלה לאור | it fell into a fire |
| ונחמרו בני מעיה | and its internal organs were scorched, |
| אם ירקים פסולה | if they are green (which is an unnatural color for these organs) it is invalid, |
| אם אדמים | if red |
| כשרים | they are kosher; |
| דרסה וטרפה בכתל | if stepped on or knocked into a wall, |
| או שרצצתה בהמה | or it was crushed by an animal, |
| ומפרכסת | and it flaps |
| ושהתה מעת לעת | and lives for 24 hours |
| ושחטה | and is then slaughtered, |
| כשרה | it is kosher. |
|
משנה ד |
|
| ואלו כשרות בעוף | And the following are kosher in a bird: |
| נקבה הגרגרת | the trachea was punctured |
| או שנסדקה | or cut; |
| הכתה חלדה על ראשה | if a weasel struck it in the head |
| מקום שאינו עושה אותה טריפה | in a place that would not render it a treifah; |
| נקב הזפק |
if the crop was punctured (the crop is an expandable part of a bird's esophagus in which food is stored), |
| רבי אומר | Rebbi says |
| אפילו נטל | even if it was removed; |
| יצאו בני מעיה ולא נקבו | its intestines came out but were not punctured; |
| נשתברו גפיה | its wings were broken; |
| נשתברו רגליה | its legs were broken; |
| נמרטו כנפיה | its feathers were plucked; |
| רבי יהודה אומר | Rabbi Yehuda says |
| אם ניטלה הנוצה | if the down (small stemless feathers) was removed |
| פסולה | it is invalid. |