is not acceptable by leviim (who did face mandatory retirement at age 50, or after mishkan was permanently established at Shiloh, once their voice became weak);

what is acceptable by leviim (a physical blemish)

is not acceptable by kohanim.

What is tahor by earthenware utensils (e.g. contact by a sheretz to the exterior of such a vessel does not render it tamei)

is tamei by all [other] utensils;

what is tahor by [all] other utensils (e.g. a sheretz that is suspended into the airspace of the vessel without contacting its walls does not render it tamei)

is tamei by earthenware utensils.

What is tahor by wooden utensils (e.g. contact by a sheretz to the exterior of a flat wooden utensil does not render it tamei)

is tamei by metal utensils;

what is tahor by metal utensils (e.g. an item of tumah that touches a usable but unfinished metal utensil does not render it tamei)

is tamei by wooden utensils.

What is obligated [to be tithed] in bitter almonds (when they are small and not yet bitter, they are regularly eaten and therefore subject to terumah and maaser)

is exempt by sweet ones (which are not normally eaten when small, but only upon ripening);

what is obligated by sweet ones (fully ripened sweet almonds are normally eaten, and so are subject to terumah and maaser)

is exempt by bitter ones (which are not normally eaten when fully ripened).

משנה ז

Lora (a bitter wine made from soaking grape skin husks, seeds and any other product left over from the pressing process in water, which was then fermented; also known as vinum operarium),

as long as it has not fermented (it is considered water, thus:)

it may not be purchased with maaser money

and will invalidate a mikveh.

Once it has fermented

it may be purchased with maaser money

and does not invalidate a mikveh.

Brothers who are partners

when they are obligated in kolbon (a surcharge on the machtsis hashekel that was levied when a one-shekel payment was made on behalf of two people; this would be the case if the brothers paid one shekel for the two of them from their shared funds in a regular partnership)

they are exempt from maaser behema (from which jointly owned livestock is exempt);

when they are obligated in maaser behema (when the partnership is actually their shares in an undivided decedent's estate, the estate's livestock is viewed as owned by a single person, the decedent, and therefore is subject to maaser behema),

they are exempt from kolbon (if a single shekel is paid for two sons from their father's undivided estate, it is as if a father had paid each of his sons' machtsis hashekel, which is exempt from kolbon).

Wherever there is a [father's right of] sale (i.e. the right to sell his minor daughter as a maidservant; which ends when she becomes a naarah),

there is no penalty [for the seduction or violation of his daughter, which is only by a naarah];

and wherever there is a penalty,

there is no [right of] sale.

Wherever there is a [minor's right of] refusal [of a marriage she was entered into by her mother or brother]

there is no chalitzah (as the girl is still a minor, and cannot perform chalitzah),

and wherever there is chalitzah

there cannot be refusal (as the girl can no longer be a minor).

Wherever the shofar is sounded (to signal the onset of Shabbos, which was done even if Friday was yom tov),

there is no havdalah [recited for the departure of yom tov];

and wherever there is havdalah (such as when the end of Shabbos coincided with the onset of yom tov),

the shofar is not sounded.

Yom tov

that fell on Friday

they would sound the shofar and would not make havdalah,

at the departure of Shabbos [that coincided with the onset of Yom Tov]

they would make havdalah and would not sound the shofar.

How would they make havdalah?

"Who distinguishes between holy and holy."

Rabbi Dosa says:

"Between stricter holiness and lighter holiness."